Bee Balm (also known as Monarda) is easily one of my favorite perennials, and it’s a staple in many American gardens for good reason. This summer beauty produces stunning, shaggy blooms that look like something out of a Dr. Seuss book. Plus, it’s incredibly low-maintenance, edible, and—best of all—totally winter-hardy!
The Hardy Nature of Bee Balm
Bee Balm, sometimes called Oswego Tea or Bergamot, is one tough cookie. It’s a robust perennial that rarely deals with pests or diseases. The only real “party crasher” you might see is powdery mildew, but you can usually keep that at bay just by picking the right spot in your yard. Since it handles frost like a pro, it’s an ideal choice for gardeners in cooler climates who want a plant that returns year after year.
Finding the Perfect Spot
To keep that pesky mildew away, you’ll want to avoid crowded spots or soil that’s bone-dry. Bee Balm likes to breathe! The specific “perfect spot” depends a bit on the variety you have. For example, Scarlet Bee Balm (Monarda didyma) loves slightly damp soil and a bit of partial shade. On the other hand, Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) thrives in sandier soils. Just a heads-up: no matter the variety, make sure the soil drains well. These plants hate “wet feet,” and sitting in stagnant water can lead to root rot.
Getting Ready for Winter
Even though Bee Balm is winter-hardy, it’s a good idea to prep it before the first big freeze. Simply cut the dried stalks back to just above ground level. You don’t even need to worry about mulching or covering it with brush—it’s plenty resilient on its own.
Once spring rolls around, Bee Balm is going to be hungry for nutrients. Spread some well-aged compost over the bed to give it a boost. This “breakfast” helps the plant grow back lush and strong.
If you happen to forget to prune in the fall, don’t sweat it—you can always do it in early spring. Just keep in mind that if you wait too long to cut it back, it might take a little longer to wake up, and you might see fewer flowers during the summer.
