When it comes to ferns, gardeners usually fall into two camps: those trying to clear them out and those who can’t get enough of that lush, woodland look. If you’re in the second group and want to help your ferns spread a little faster, spring is the perfect time to grab your shovel and get to work.
Digging Up Your Ferns
If you’re planning to propagate your ferns by division, timing is everything. You’ll get the best results if you act early in the season before the new fronds (those cute little fiddleheads) have started to unfurl. When you’re ready to dig, make sure to give the plant plenty of space. Dig a wide circle around the base to avoid nicking the rhizomes. Once you’ve lifted the clump out of the ground, gently shake or knock off the excess dirt so you can see what you’re working with.
Dividing the Root System
Now it’s time to divide the rhizome. You can definitely use a garden knife for this, but honestly, it’s often easier to just use the spade you already have in your hand. The main rule of thumb here is to make sure every new section has at least two fronds (or buds) attached. This ensures the new plant has enough energy to take off on its own.
Getting Them Back in the Ground Fast
Ferns are not fans of drying out. To keep them happy, you’ll want to move quickly—dig, divide, and replant as fast as possible. I always recommend prepping your new holes before you even touch the original plant. Since ferns are shallow-rooted, aim for holes about 12 inches deep and 16 inches wide.
Ideally, your new planting spot should be in partial to full shade. To give your ferns a head start, mix some mature compost into the soil. If you’re dealing with heavy clay, toss in some sand to help with drainage and loosen things up. As for spacing, it really depends on how big your specific variety gets:
- Small varieties (up to 15 inches tall): Space them 10 to 14 inches apart.
- Medium varieties (15 to 30 inches tall): Space them 18 to 22 inches apart.
- Large varieties (30 to 45 inches tall): Space them 28 to 40 inches apart.
